ESP8266 连接到免费的公共 MQTT 服务器
MQTT 是轻量级的、灵活的物联网消息交换和数据传递协议,致力于为 IoT 开发人员实现灵活性与硬件/网络资源的平衡。
ESP8266 提供了⼀套⾼度集成的 Wi-Fi SoC 解决⽅案,其低功耗、 紧凑设计和⾼稳定性可以满⾜⽤户的需求。ESP8266 拥有完整的且⾃成体系的 Wi-Fi ⽹络功能,既能够独⽴应⽤,也可以作为从机搭载于其他主机 MCU 运⾏。
在此项目中我们将实现 ESP8266 连接到 EMQX MQTT Cloud 运营和维护的 免费公共 MQTT 服务器,并使用 Arduino IDE 来对 ESP8266 进行编程。 EMQX Cloud 是由 EMQ 推出的安全的 MQTT 物联网云服务平台,它提供一站式运维代管、独有隔离环境的 MQTT 5.0 接入服务。
所需物联网组件
- ESP8266
- Arduino IDE
- MQTTX: 优雅的跨平台 MQTT 5.0 客户端工具
- 免费的公共 MQTT 服务器
- Broker: broker.emqx.io
- TCP Port: 1883
- Websocket Port: 8083
ESP8266 Pub/Sub 示意图
ESP8266 代码编写
首先我们将导入 ESP8266WiFi 和 PubSubClient 库,ESP8266WiFi 库能够将 ESP8266 连接到 Wi-Fi 网络,PubSubClient 库能使 ESP8266 连接到 MQTT 服务器发布消息及订阅主题。
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include <PubSubClient.h>
设置 Wi-Fi 名称和密码,以及 MQTT 服务器连接地址和端口
// WiFi const char *ssid = "mousse"; // Enter your WiFi name const char *password = "qweqweqwe"; // Enter WiFi password // MQTT Broker const char *mqtt_broker = "broker.emqx.io"; const char *topic = "esp8266/test"; const char *mqtt_username = "emqx"; const char *mqtt_password = "public"; const int mqtt_port = 1883;
打开一个串行连接,以便于输出程序的结果并且连接到 Wi-Fi 网络
// Set software serial baud to 115200; Serial.begin(115200); // connecting to a WiFi network WiFi.begin(ssid, password); while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi.."); }
设置 MQTT 服务器,并编写回调函数,同时将连接信息打印到串口监视器上
client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port); client.setCallback(callback); while (!client.connected()) { String client_id = "esp8266-client-"; client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress()); Serial.printf("The client %s connects to the public mqtt broker\n", client_id.c_str()); if (client.connect(client_id.c_str(), mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) { Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected"); } else { Serial.print("failed with state "); Serial.print(client.state()); delay(2000); } } void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) { Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: "); Serial.println(topic); Serial.print("Message:"); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { Serial.print((char) payload[i]); } Serial.println(); Serial.println("-----------------------"); }
MQTT 服务器连接成功后,ESP8266 将向 MQTT 服务器发布消息和订阅主题
// publish and subscribe client.publish(topic, "hello emqx"); client.subscribe(topic);
将主题名称打印到串行端口,然后打印收到消息的每个字节
void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) { Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: "); Serial.println(topic); Serial.print("Message:"); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { Serial.print((char) payload[i]); } Serial.println(); Serial.println("-----------------------"); }
完整代码
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> #include <PubSubClient.h> // WiFi const char *ssid = "mousse"; // Enter your WiFi name const char *password = "qweqweqwe"; // Enter WiFi password // MQTT Broker const char *mqtt_broker = "broker.emqx.io"; const char *topic = "esp8266/test"; const char *mqtt_username = "emqx"; const char *mqtt_password = "public"; const int mqtt_port = 1883; WiFiClient espClient; PubSubClient client(espClient); void setup() { // Set software serial baud to 115200; Serial.begin(115200); // connecting to a WiFi network WiFi.begin(ssid, password); while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(500); Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi.."); } Serial.println("Connected to the WiFi network"); //connecting to a mqtt broker client.setServer(mqtt_broker, mqtt_port); client.setCallback(callback); while (!client.connected()) { String client_id = "esp8266-client-"; client_id += String(WiFi.macAddress()); Serial.printf("The client %s connects to the public mqtt broker\n", client_id.c_str()); if (client.connect(client_id.c_str(), mqtt_username, mqtt_password)) { Serial.println("Public emqx mqtt broker connected"); } else { Serial.print("failed with state "); Serial.print(client.state()); delay(2000); } } // publish and subscribe client.publish(topic, "hello emqx"); client.subscribe(topic); } void callback(char *topic, byte *payload, unsigned int length) { Serial.print("Message arrived in topic: "); Serial.println(topic); Serial.print("Message:"); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { Serial.print((char) payload[i]); } Serial.println(); Serial.println("-----------------------"); } void loop() { client.loop(); }
运行和测试
请使用 Arduino IDE 将完整代码上传到 ESP8266,并打开串口监视器
建立 MQTTX 客户端 与 MQTT 服务器的连接, 并向 ESP8266 发送消息
在串口监视器查看 ESP8266 接收到的消息
总结
至此,我们已成功使 ESP8266 连接到 EMQX Cloud 提供的公共 MQTT 服务器。 在本项目中我们简单的将 ESP8266 连接到 MQTT 服务器,这只是 ESP8266 较为基础的能力之一,ESP8266 其实还能与各类物联网传感器相连,并将传感器数据上报至 MQTT 服务器。
接下来,读者可访问 EMQ 提供的 MQTT 入门与进阶系列文章学习 MQTT 主题及通配符、保留消息、遗嘱消息等相关概念,探索 MQTT 的更多高级应用,开启 MQTT 应用及服务开发。